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David Bainbridge - The X in Sex How the X Chromosome Controls Our Lives [2003][A]

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  Book Title: The X in
Sex: How the X Chromosome Controls Our Lives	 	
  Book Author: David
Bainbridge
   Hardcover: 205 pages
   Publisher: Harvard University Press; 1 edition (March 31,
2003)
   Language: English
   ISBN-10: 0674010280
   ISBN-13: 978-0674010284
  
  Book Description
  Publication Date: March 31, 2003 |
ISBN-10: 0674010280 | ISBN-13: 978-0674010284 | Edition: 1
  A tiny scrap of genetic information determines
our sex; it also consigns many of us to a life of disease, directs or disrupts the everyday working of our bodies, and
forces women to live as genetic chimeras. The culprit--so necessary and yet the source of such upheaval--is the X
chromosome, and this is its story. An enlightening and entertaining tour of the cultural and natural history of this
intriguing member of the genome, The X in Sex traces the journey toward our current understanding of the nature of X.
From its chance discovery in the nineteenth century to the promise and implications of ongoing research, David
Bainbridge shows how the X evolved and where it and its counterpart Y are going, how it helps assign developing human
babies their sex--and maybe even their sexuality--and how it affects our lives in infinitely complex and subtle ways. X
offers cures for disease, challenges our cultural, ethical, and scientific assumptions about maleness and femaleness,
and has even reshaped our views of human evolution and human nature.
  
  Editorial Reviews
  From Publishers Weekly
  In his fourth-century BCE
Generation of Animals, Aristotle wondered what made us into males and females, and the question has vexed scientists
ever since. Bainbridge (Making Babies) shows that the answers are at last partly illuminated, thanks to advances in our
understanding of the mechanisms at work in sex chromosomes. He debunks once and for all Aristotle's notion that
maleness, and hence the Y chromosome, is a more active, superior state of being, and instead hails the X chromosome as
more profound, interesting and powerful-not just more than its "sad, shrunken" Y counterpart, but more than any other
chromosome in our cells. First explaining how the sex chromosomes-which he calls the "seeds of sexiness"-turn
undifferentiated embryonic tissue into testicles or allow the formation of ovaries, Bainbridge goes on to demonstrate
how the X chromosome is actually in control of the process. Examples throughout the animal kingdom and instances of
humans with anomalous chromosome lineups (like XXY or XO) show X's role in sex determination, autoimmune and sex-linked
diseases. Bainbridge also reveals how women's cells "deal with the double bounty of X chromosomes," why girl identical
twins are less identical and less rare than boy identical twins, and how studying women's tumors showed scientists that
cancer begins in a "lone, fatal" cell. With first-rate research and winning, dry wit, Bainbridge crafts a slim volume of
science made simple. 4 line illustrations.Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
  
  From Scientific American
  Jones and Bainbridge arrive in different ways at the
same conclusion: women are the more resilient sex. Jones, professor of genetics at University College London, puts it
bluntly: "[M]ales are wilting away.... From sperm count to social status, and from fertilization to death, as
civilization advances those who bear Y chromosomes are in relative decline." Bainbridge, lecturer in comparative anatomy
and physiology at the Royal Veterinary College in London, focuses more on the biology of sex differences. "Almost every
woman is, inside and out, a patchwork of two different cells--some using one X chromosome, and some the other.... What
more all-encompassing way could one want for women to be more complex than men?" Consequently, they are less vulnerable
to such sex-linked diseases as hemophilia, muscular dystrophy and color blindness. Editors of
Scientific American
  
  From Booklist
  To appreciate
the genetic lottery that divides us into boys and girls, one has a reliable odds-maker in Bainbridge, author of Making
Babies: The Science of Pregnancy (2001). Bainbridge summarizes our knowledge of the genetic information that determines
one's sex by recounting the ancients' speculations about the genesis of gender, following with modern biologists'
discovery of the X and Y chromosomes about a century ago, and of the sex-determining gene Sry in the 1990s. In a
discussion rich with history, evolution, and philosophy, Bainbridge points out the dramatic effect that gender selection
has on people's lives: it "consigns many to a life of disease, disrupts the everyday running of our body, and even
forces women to live a bizarrely double life." He discusses sex-linked diseases, specifically the hemophilia afflicting
male rulers of Europe; the complicated nature of the sex-determination process, which is much more fragile than
previously realized; and the implications of allowing couples to control the sex of their children. A fascinating, often
humorous analysis of the science of sexuality. Gilbert Taylor
  Copyright
© American Library Association. All rights reserved
  
  Reviews
  David Bainbridge takes us on a fascinating tour of X chromosomes and explains what the possession of these
intricately folded, infinitessimally narrow, two-inch long strings of genetic codes weighing almost nothing, means for
their bearers--that is for each one of us, male and female. History and personal anecdotes are woven together with
up-to-date summaries of the science, punctuated with Bainbridge's zany--and very British--humor, so that this
information-packed book is pure pleasure to read.
  --Sarah Blaffer Hrdy author of
Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants, and Natural Selection
  
  The X in Sex is absolutely
fascinating, so intriguing, in fact, that I found myself unwilling to put it down. David Bainbridge surveys an
astonishing amount of new information from recent genomic studies of the X chromosome, clearly explaining the findings
in a way the average person can easily follow. The science is presented via amusing and highly appropriate metaphors and
clever turns of phrase, all of which serve to brighten the prose and present the reader with catchy ways to think about
complex ideas. This is an informative, authoritative, and thoroughly enjoyable read: one of the best books I have read
in recent years.
  --Jane Lancaster, University of New Mexico
  
 
This is wonderful stuff--beautifully written, clear, jargon-free, with anecdotes sure to hold the attention.
 
--Tim Birkhead, author of Promiscuity: An Evolutionary History of Sperm
Competition
  
  The author of Making Babies takes a lively, witty tour of the X chromosome,
creator of "a delicious symmetry between men and women"...Entertaining and informative...A fine demonstration of science
made accessible. (Kirkus Reviews 2002-12-01)
  
  A well-written,
well-researched, easy-to-read study that explains what has been learned about the X and Y chromosomes using DNA
sequencing and other molecular biology techniques. British biologist Bainbridge...has pulled together historical and
current scientific research about how the X and Y chromosomes affect us and what the genes on these chromosomes actually
do, like causing sex-linked diseases and color blindness...An excellent example of good science
writing...Recommended.
  --Margaret Henderson (Library Journal 2003-03-15)
  
  Bainbridge is an essentialist, interested in understanding what aspects of gender are biologically driven,
and why...He has a central question he wants to answer. The question is not so much why men and women are different (a
worn topic that's the subject of too many Mars-and-Venus bestsellers) but, far more specific and far more interesting:
Why are men and women more different than they need to be?
  --Liza Mundy (Washington
Post 2003-03-23)
  
  Bainbridge summarizes our knowledge of the genetic information that
determines one's sex by recounting the ancients' speculations about the genesis of gender, following with modern
biologists' discovery of the X and Y chromosomes about a century ago, and of the sex-determining gene Sry in the 1990s.
In a discussion rich with history, evolution, and philosophy, Bainbridge points out the dramatic effect that gender
selection has on people's lives...A fascinating, often humorous analysis of the science of sexuality.
  --Gilbert Taylor (Booklist 2003-02-01)
  
  In The X in Sex, David Bainbridge
explains the far-reaching effects of X. Bainbridge...moves with ease between straightforward accounts of biology and
historical stories about its effect, like the chapter describing the progression of hemophilia through the royal houses
of Europe. Bainbridge discusses cultural history as well as natural history, and his wit enlivens every page.
 
--Christine Kenneally (New York Times Book Review 2003-04-13)
  
  There
are many literary stars (such as Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Dawkins and Matt Ridley) in the firmament of writers on
evolution, and to a man they write with dash and persuasive logic. David Bainbridge is one such and in his latest book
he takes the reader through the glories of the X chromosome at a cracking pace.
  --Miriam Stoppard (Times Higher Education Supplement (UK) 2003-04-25)
  
  The
truth is that the behaviours of [chromosomes] X and Y are inextricably linked. Bainbridge explores this link in a
compelling tale that takes in how the sex chromosomes became sex chromosomes, and the very different consequences of
this for women and men. Along the way we encounter the Duke of Kent's testicles, calico cats and non-identical identical
twin girls. His story weaves science, history and the history of science (with a little religion for good measure) in a
straightforward, anecdotal fashion that will appeal to scientists and non-scientists alike.
  --Mark T. Ross (New Scientist (UK) 2003-06-28)
  
  In his structure/function
analysis of the X chromosome, Bainbridge provides a tongue-in-cheek, yet informative, description of one of the two
human sex chromosomes.
  --R. Adler (Choice 2003-09-01)
  
  If you
have ever been intrigued by some of the puzzles of genetics--why boys tend to get haemophilia or colour blindness while
girls are more likely to have an identical twin or to develop rheumatoid arthritis later in life--then The X in Sex is
for you.
  --Chris Tyler-Smith (Times Literary Supplement 2003-10-24)
 

  This highly readable book tells the story of the X chromosome from Aristotle's musings on gender differences
right through to a modern understanding of the genetics of the X chromosome. The author's engaging style makes modern
genetics accessible both of the complete layperson and to those of us for whom preclinical genetics are a hazy
memory…In a chapter entitled "The Duke of Kent's Testicles", Bainbridge describes the unfortunate spread of
haemophilia (sic) through19th century European Royal families to illustrate the inheritance of sex-linked disorders.
From a disastrous random mutation in a sperm in one of the Duke's testicles to the Russian Revolution, the history is
irreverent but the genetic implications are well illustrated…This slim book is a good read, amusing yet
informative and authoritative.
  --Alex Connan (Journal of Family Planning and
Reproductive Heath Care)
  
  David Bainbridge's The X in Sex proves that popular books on human
genetics--indeed on human sex chromosomes--need not trade in sociobiological excess...He spends much of his time on
'sex-linked' conditions that affect men more than women; these range from annoyances like baldness to devastating
diseases like muscular dystrophy. Bainbridge also devotes many fascinating pages to complex ailments like autoimmune
disease that, for reasons which remain unclear, disproportionately afflict women...But Bainbridge's chief concern is
with the biology of human sex determination and with the many ways in which it can, and does, go wrong. In the end, his
message is that while human beings obviously come in two predominant sexes, both cultural and biological forces give
rise to a surprisingly 'continuous spectrum of gender.'
  --H. Allen Orr (New York
Review of Books 2005-05-12)
  
  About the Author
 
David Bainbridge is University Clinical Veterinary Anatomist at the University of
Cambridge and a Fellow of St. Catharine's College.  						

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